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Indian Administrative Service (IAS)

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Indian Administrative Service (IAS)

The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is one of the three civil services under All India Services. It comes under the Indian Executive and forms a permanent part of the bureaucracy of the country.

Members of the IAS serve the Government of India and the state governments. They handle the administration and daily proceedings of the government. These officers are involved in both, policy drafting and on-ground execution. They oversee that the policies designed by the state governments and central government are implemented smoothly. At times, IAS Officers serve as the link between the citizens and the government.

Amongst the IAS, the highest position one can attain is that of the Cabinet Secretary. The following list gives a rank wise (ranked high to low) breakdown of the different IAS positions in which an officer can serve:

  • Cabinet Secretary
  • Chief Secretary of a State
  • Principal/Additional Secretary in the State/Central Sectretariat
  • District Magistrate/District Collector
  • Divisional Commissioner
  • Sub-Divisional Officer

All India Services

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All India Services

The All India Services was formulated with the aim of strengthening India's administrative system. It is a centralized and permanent body that forms a part of the bureaucracy of India. The All India Services consist of three key civil services: Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Forest Service (IFoS)

Officers in the All India Services support the Cabinet Ministers in the implementation of policies and development related schemes at the national and state level. They also play a key role in assisting the ministers with the drafting of the policies. Unlike ministers who are periodically re-elected, civil servants form a permanent part of the Executive and can only be removed from office upon retirement. Their role also involved in facilitating effective communication and coordination between different governance institutions in the country.

To qualify for any of the All India Service, a candidate has to pass the civil services examination organized by UPSC (Union Public Service Commission). The central government is responsible for the recruitment of all qualifying officers. After recruitment, an officer might be placed at the central or at the state level.

 

 

 

Cabinet Secretary

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Cabinet Secretary

The Cabinet Secretary holds the dual tag of being the top-most executive official as well as the most senior civil servant of the Government of India. They are the ex-officio head of the Civil Services Board and are also, the leader of the Cabinet Secretariat. Additionally, the Cabinet Secretary also heads the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), and all civil services in India.  They are appointed for a fixed term of 2 years and come under the charge of the Prime Minister.

The Cabinet Secretary is responsible for ensuring the smooth functioning of business in ministries and various departments of the government. They are responsible for:

  1. Providing secretarial assistance to the Cabinet and its Committees
  2. Assisting the government in decision-making by ensuring coordination amongst ministers
  3. Ironing out differences amongst various ministries and departments
  4. Ensuring that key stakeholders such as the President and the Vice President are kept informed of the major activities of all ministries/departments.

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Parliamentary Secretaries

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Parliamentary Secretaries

Parliamentary Secretaries are members of parliament from the ruling party who are appointed to assist Cabinet Ministers with their duties. They act as a link between ministers and other parliamentarians. At times, a Parliamentary Secretary is also a Minister of State, in which case they are assigned to a government department and have the same entitlements as a Minister of State. In certain states such as Manipur, Himachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Assam, Rajasthan, Punjab, and Goa, MLAs (Members of the Legislative Assembly have been appointed as Parliamentary Secretaries by the government. There is conflict over the sanctity of the post of Parliamentary Secretary since it does not derive its powers from the constitutions. As per many High Courts. the appointment of Parliamentary Secretaries has been declared unconstitutional and they have given judgements against these appointments.

Ministers of States

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Ministers of States

Ministers of State with independent charge are those who do not work under any assigned Cabinet Minister. Those ministers who do not have an independent charge are assigned to assist a specific Cabinet Minister.

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50+ Ministries

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50+ Ministries

List of 54 Ministries

Ministry name
1 Ministry of Home Affairs
2 Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
3 Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
4 Ministry of AYUSH
5 Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
6 Ministry of Civil Aviation
7 Ministry of Coal
8 Ministry of Commerce and Industry
9 Ministry of Communications
10 Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
11 Ministry of Corporate Affairs
12 Ministry of Culture
13 Ministry of Defence
14 Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region
15 Ministry of Earth Sciences
16 Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
17 Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change
18 Ministry of External Affairs
19 Ministry of Finance
20 Ministry of Food Processing Industries
21 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
22 Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
23 Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
24 Ministry of Education
25 Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
26 Ministry of Jal Shakti (Water)
27 Ministry of Labour and Employment
28 Ministry of Law and Justice
29 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
30 Ministry of Mines
31 Ministry of Minority Affairs
32 Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
33 Ministry of Science and Technology
34 Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
35 Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
36 Ministry of Planning
37 Ministry of Panchayati Raj
38 Ministry of Power
39 Ministry of Prime Minister's Office
40 Ministry of Rural Development
41 Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
42 Ministry of Power
43 Ministry of Railways
44 Ministry of Shipping
45 Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
46 Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
47 Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
48 Ministry of Steel
49 Ministry of Textiles
50 Ministry of Tourism
51 Ministry of Tribal Affairs
52 Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying And Fisheries
53 Ministry of Women and Child Development
54 Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports

Cabinet Ministers

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Cabinet Ministers

A cabinet is a body that comprises the topmost leaders of the Union Executive. The members of a cabinet are referred to as Cabinet Ministers or Secretaries. Each Cabinet Minister has to be a member of either one of the two houses of the parliament. The Cabinet Ministers are senior ministers who heads various ministries and have several Ministers of State and Deputy Ministers who report to them.

Union Council of Ministers

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Union Council of Ministers

The Council of Ministers consists of individuals who are a part of the Cabinet, are Ministers of State (with independent charge), Ministers of State and Deputy Ministers. Each of these are briefly explained below:

  1. Cabinet Ministers: Ministers who attend and participate in all meetings of the Cabinet.
  2. Ministers of State with independent charge: Ministers who do not work under a Cabinet Minister. When a matter with regards to their department is on the cabinet's agenda, then they are invited to attend the meeting.
  3. Ministers of State: Ministers who are not independently heading any department and operate under a Cabinet Minister. The Cabinet Minister allots their work to them.
  4. Deputy Ministers: Ministers who work under a Cabinet Minister or under a Minister of State with independent charge. The Minister who they report to is responsible for assigning work to them.

The Council of Ministers are headed by the Prime Minister. They are collectively accountable to the Lok Sabha. All the decisions of the Council of Ministers which link to administrative matters or proposals for legislations have to be communicated by the Prime Minister to the President.

Prime Minister

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Prime Minister

The functioning of the Union Executive of India is headed by the Prime Minister. The key executive powers of the government are assigned to the Prime Minister, while the President serves as the nominal head. The Prime Minister plays the key link between the Council of Ministers and the President as well as the Parliament.

The Prime Minister exercises their powers in various manners: heads and controls the Council of Ministers, leader of ruling party, leadership of the Lok Sabha, command over the bureaucratic wing,  and responsible for projecting as the national leader on international avenues and during foreign visits.

Since India follows a parliamentary system, the Prime Minister becomes the most senior member of cabinet in the Union Executive. They have the power to select members of the cabinet. The Prime Minister is the presiding member and Chairperson of the cabinet with the power to allocate posts to members within the government. The Council of Ministers comes into existence only once the Prime Minister takes the oath of office and they can not continue to exist without the Prime Minister.

Vice President

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Vice President

The second-highest constitutional position in the Union Executive belongs to the Vice President of India. In the absence of the President, the Vice President represent the nation. They take charge as the acting President in case the President resigns, is impeached or removed from office.

Similar to the President, the Vice President also serves in a dual capacity under both, the parliament and the legislature. Their key legislative function is to serve as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, and they are responsible for presiding over meetings of Rajya Sabha.

The appointment of the Vice President is done indirectly through the members of an electoral college comprising members of both the houses of the parliament in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote. The voting process is done through a secret ballot. To qualify, one has to be a citizen of India and can not be less than 35 years old. They should also be eligible for election as a member of the Rajya Sabha. A Vice President serves a 5 year term in office and they can be re-elected.