Category: Legislature

The chief function of the legislature is to enact laws. It is the basis for the functioning of the other two organs, the executive and the judiciary.

President

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President

The President of India in their role as head of Legislature has the authority to summon and to dissolve either house of Parliament. to summon and discontinue either house of Parliament. A bill passed by the Parliament turns into law only after the President gives his nod to it. While the President has the authority to return a bill for reconsideration to the Parliament, they have to sign it if the Parliament still chooses to pass the bill (with or without any amendment).

In a parliamentary system, the Council of Ministers depends on the support of the majority in the legislature. They can be removed at any point and a new Council can be brought in to replace them. A situation of this nature requires a Head of the State to step in as they symbolically represent the country and are vested with the authority to appoint the Prime Minister. This is the key role of the President of India. Additionally, if no majority party is established then it is up to the President to select and appoint the Prime Minister.

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Lok Sabha

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Lok Sabha

The lower house of the Indian Parliament is called the Lok Sabha (House of People). The Lok Sabha is authorized to enact laws on matters which are a part of the Union and the Concurrent list. Additionally, unlike Rajya Sabha which can not enact money bills, Lok Sabha has the power to introduce and approve both, money and non-money bills. It is responsible for giving approval to proposals on budgets and taxation. Lok Sabha establishes committees and commissions to perform and oversee certain tasks and considers their reports for decision making.

The Constitution of India mandates that the Lok Sabha can have a maximum strength of 552 members. Its members are elected by people through an election and represent the constituency they won the election from. They serve for a term of 5 years or till the house is dissolved by the President with the advice of the Council of Ministers.

Rajya Sabha

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Rajya Sabha

The upper house of the Parliament is called the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). In India, the Rajya Sabha represents the states and thus, it is given the power to protect the states and their rights against the Union. The Rajya Sabha is also involved in approving all proposed constitutional amendments. It debates and approves non-money bills and can suggest amendments to money bills. 

The Rajya Sabha comprises a maximum of 250 members. Of this, 238 are members who represent states and union territories, and the remainder of the 12 are those nominated by the President. The President can appoint these 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. It is a permanent body and can not be dissolved.  Every alternate year, one-third of Rajya Sabha members retire and space is made for new members to join. Every member serves a term of 6 years. The ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha is the Vice President of the country. A Deputy Chairman is elected by the house members from amongst themselves. The most senior minister who serves as the leader of the house is appointed by the Prime Minister.

Legislature

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Legislature

The Legislature's primary responsibility is to enact laws in India. The role of the Legislature forms the basis for the functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary. Due to this, it is at times given the first place amongst the three because without laws being enacted, there can neither be implementation more application of laws.

The powers of the Legislature in India are exercised by the Parliament. India has a bicameral legislature that comprises the President of India and the two houses, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). Explore the sections on each of the two houses to understand the functioning of the Legislature in further detail.

Ministers of States

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Ministers of States

Ministers of State with independent charge are those who do not work under any assigned Cabinet Minister. Those ministers who do not have an independent charge are assigned to assist a specific Cabinet Minister.

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Cabinet Ministers

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Cabinet Ministers

A cabinet is a body that comprises the topmost leaders of the Union Executive. The members of a cabinet are referred to as Cabinet Ministers or Secretaries. Each Cabinet Minister has to be a member of either one of the two houses of the parliament. The Cabinet Ministers are senior ministers who heads various ministries and have several Ministers of State and Deputy Ministers who report to them.

Parliament

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Parliament

Parliament under the Union Government of India refers to the national legislature and consists of two houses making it a bicameral legislature. The Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People) are the two houses in the Indian Parliament. The Parliament is considered to be the highest forum for debates in the country.

The Parliament is given the key power to discuss and enact changes, and make amendments to the Constitution of India. The process for enacting laws begins with the introduction of a bill in either of the two houses. A bill is a draft proposal, which needs to be passed in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and only after the President gives his nod, it becomes an act. After the introduction of a Bill, the house may take it up for discussion or refer it to a Joint Committee/Select Committee to examine each clause and report back. In the next stage, the bill is put to a vote with the members present in the house, and based on the majority votes it is either rejected or passed.

Following is a list of key functions of the Parliament:

  1. Legislative Function: The role of the Parliament is to enact legislations. Even though it is the primary law-making body, very often the role of the Parliament is to simply vote and approve legislations. The role of drafting the bill is performed by the bureaucracy under the guidance of the concerned minister. 
  2. Control of Executive and ensuring its accountability: One of the most crucial functions of the Parliament is to ensure the Executive maintains its responsibility towards the people who have elected it and does not misuse its authority. 
  3. Electoral function: The Parliament performs its electoral function by electing the President and Vice President of India. 
  4. Judicial Function: The proposals for the removal of the President, Vice President, and Judges of the Supreme Court and High Court are deliberated and decided upon by the Parliament.

Parliament 2

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Parliament

Parliament

Parliament under the Union Government of India refers to the national legislature and consists of two houses making it a bicameral legislature. The Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People) are the two houses in the Indian Parliament. The Parliament is considered to be the highest forum for debates in the country.

The Parliament is given the key power to discuss and enact changes, and make amendments to the Constitution of India. The process for enacting laws begins with the introduction of a bill in either of the two houses. A bill is a draft proposal, which needs to be passed in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and only after the President gives his nod, it becomes an act. After the introduction of a Bill, the house may take it up for discussion or refer it to a Joint Committee/Select Committee to examine each clause and report back. In the next stage, the bill is put to a vote with the members present in the house, and based on the majority votes it is either rejected or passed.

Following is a list of key functions of the Parliament:

  1. Legislative Function: The role of the Parliament is to enact legislations. Even though it is the primary law-making body, very often the role of the Parliament is to simply vote and approve legislations. The role of drafting the bill is performed by the bureaucracy under the guidance of the concerned minister. 
  2. Control of Executive and ensuring its accountability: One of the most crucial functions of the Parliament is to ensure the Executive maintains its responsibility towards the people who have elected it and does not misuse its authority. 
  3. Electoral function: The Parliament performs its electoral function by electing the President and Vice President of India. 
  4. Judicial Function: The proposals for the removal of the President, Vice President, and Judges of the Supreme Court and High Court are deliberated and decided upon by the Parliament.